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With the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions, home energy storage systems are evolving rapidly. Bypass Technology has emerged as a game-changer in enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of these systems.
Trends in Home Energy Storage Technology and Products
A master-slave architecture is a common structure in battery management systems (BMS).
The master-slave architecture typically consists of a Battery Control Unit (BCU) as the master and multiple modules (slaves). The master unit oversees overall monitoring and management, while the slave units are responsible for monitoring voltage, temperature, and balancing control within individual battery modules. In a multi-module battery system, multiple battery cells form a module, and multiple modules are then integrated into a battery pack. This design facilitates expansion and maintenance.
Since modules support independent replacement, it is inevitable that modules with different State of Charge (SOC) may be mixed. Over time, consistency issues may also arise during use. Because modules are connected in series, SOC imbalances can significantly reduce the available capacity of the entire BMS. Many current market solutions use passive balancing methods, but these often have low efficiency and fail to meet customer requirements in many scenarios.
To address this issue, Bypass technology was developed. It enables intelligent module string switching, allowing for rapid module capacity balancing.
As home energy storage systems grow more complex with multiple battery modules working together, ensuring that all modules are in sync is a challenge. Bypass Technology is the solution to this problem.
Bypass Technology helps manage State of Charge (SOC) imbalances between modules by automatically switching them in and out of the system, balancing the charging process across all modules. This helps prevent issues such as energy loss, performance degradation, and system inefficiency.
The diagram below illustrates the battery circuit design for Bypass functionality. Compared to traditional multi-module battery systems, a Bypass-enabled system includes two additional contactors within each module:
A test setup includes four battery modules connected to an inverter, with initial SOC values of 91%, 71%, 28%, and 3% respectively. The Bypass process operates as follows:
1. Charging begins.
2. Module 2 reaches 100% SOC.
3. Module 3 reaches 100% SOC.
4. Balancing is completed.
The BMS balancing curve for the entire process is shown below:
With the Bypass function, the BMS achieves rapid balancing, solving issues caused by:
This prevents a reduction in usable energy and avoids performance degradation. Additionally, Bypass significantly improves battery deployment, installation, and maintenance efficiency, making it an essential feature in modern energy storage systems.
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